75 Years of American Finance, from Jeff Sasmor
Here are some interesting bits of history:
75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935
In 1861 the public debt (according to this doc) was 75 million, a whopping $2.83 per capita.
1862 saw the Legal Tender act "150,000,000 Greenbacks authorized".
1866 "this year income tax collections hit peak $73,000,000".
And so on.